Research
Infographic
Recognizing Faculty with Disabilities: Data and Considerations from the Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey
Drawing upon Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey data from 2019 and 2020, this piece examines meaningful differences in perception of the academic workplace between faculty with visible disabilities, invisible disabilities, and no reported disabilities.
Case Study
Supporting the Next Generation of Faculty at Georgia State University
In this partner spotlight, Georgia State University shares how the institution applied its data-driven approach to student success to the faculty experience through the administration and rollout of the Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey.
Webinar
Success After Tenure: Lessons in Engaging Mid-Career Faculty
Based on the 2018 book, Success After Tenure: Supporting Mid-Career Faculty (Stylus), this webinar highlights the impetus behind compiling the volume, as well as the successful practices put in place by COACHE partners at Rochester Institute of Technology.
Browse Resources By Topic
- Career Path
- Faculty Development & Support
- Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion
- Higher Education Leadership
- Recruitment & Retention
Gender and Race Differences in Faculty Assessment of Tenure Clarity: The Influence of Departmental Relationships and Practices
Citation:
![Gender and Race Differences in Faculty Assessment of Tenure Clarity: The Influence of Departmental Relationships and Practices Gender and Race Differences in Faculty Assessment of Tenure Clarity: The Influence of Departmental Relationships and Practices](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/srea_4_3.cover_.png?m=1536339919&itok=G_wmgOMB)
Abstract:
The authors look at how the intersection of gender and race influences pre-tenure faculty members’ perceptions of the clarity of tenure expectations. The authors also seek to identify potential predictors (assessment of mentoring, relationships with peers, feedback on progress toward tenure, and fairness in tenure decision making and evaluation) of perceptions of tenure clarity for four intersectionally defined groups, including historically underrepresented minority women (URMW). The authors use an intersectional perspective and the gendered and racialized organizations’ theoretical lens to interpret the results. The data set comes from the Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey. Findings show that compared with white men, URMW are less satisfied with their relationships with peers and with the fairness in the evaluation of their work. They are also less likely to agree that mentoring is effective, that tenure decisions are fair, and that messages about tenure are consistent.Benchmark Best Practices: Tenure and Promotion
![Benchmark Best Practices: Tenure and Promotion Benchmark Best Practices: Tenure and Promotion](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/screen_shot_2020-10-21_at_11.24.07_am.png?m=1603293887&itok=vhTB6a-Y)
Abstract:
The COACHE surveys of college faculty produce data that are both salient to full-time college faculty and actionable by academic leaders. The survey items are aggregated into 20 benchmarks representing the general thrust of faculty satisfaction along key themes. This white paper discusses the themes of tenure policies, tenure clarity, and promotion.
Administrators and faculty alike acknowledge that, at most institutions, the bar to achieve tenure has risen over time. While it is impossible to eliminate anxiety from the minds of all pre-tenure faculty members, or the pressures exerted on their lives en route to tenure, academic leaders can improve the clarity of tenure policies and expectations without sacrificing rigor. And while the academy has recently improved many policies for assistant professors (e.g., research leave; stop-the-tenure-clock; part-time tenure-track options), it has done far less for associate professors. Ideas have emerged from COACHE research on tenured faculty.
Perspectives on Midcareer Faculty and Advice for Supporting Them
Citation:
![Perspectives on Midcareer Faculty and Advice for Supporting Them Perspectives on Midcareer Faculty and Advice for Supporting Them](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/newperspectives.png?m=1525466552&itok=XL4ROFJz)
Abstract:
This 8-page white paper was produced for an invited presentation at the Association of Public Land-grant Universities' (APLU) Council on Academic Affairs Summer Meeting in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The paper examines the experiences of midcareer faculty, who face an increased teaching load, greater expectations for service and advising, a more competitive market for grants, and the disappearance of mentoring programs that supported them as early-career faculty. The toll of these obligations is heavier on women and faculty of color. Institutions can address the challenges midcareer faculty face by designing orientations that cover the entire career, implementing career re-visioning programs, providing opportunities for re-engagement, and mentoring associate professors.Faculty Leadership and Institutional Resilience: Indicators, Promising Practices, and Key Questions
Citation:
![Faculty Leadership and Institutional Resilience: Indicators, Promising Practices, and Key Questions Faculty Leadership and Institutional Resilience: Indicators, Promising Practices, and Key Questions](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/changemag_jul2019.jpg?m=1562698102&itok=xqKnj1rn)
Abstract:
There is renewed interest in shared governance in American higher education. This evidence-based, exploratory study of faculty leadership identifies promising practices for shared stewardship and provides follow-up questions for senior leaders to assess the state of faculty leadership and shared governance on their own campuses. The findings are based on interviews with chief academic officers or faculty officers and chief elected faculty leaders at baccalaureate, masters, and research institutions identified as exemplars through the Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey. The author argues for an expansive view of faculty leadership as a key component of institutional resilience.
The Academic Environment and Faculty Well-Being: The Role of Psychological Needs
Citation:
![The Academic Environment and Faculty Well-Being: The Role of Psychological Needs The Academic Environment and Faculty Well-Being: The Role of Psychological Needs](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/career-assessment.png?m=1557248302&itok=O73iBuQu)
Abstract:
In response to recent research on the well-being of higher education faculty, which has lacked a theoretical model, this study used self-determination theory to model the well-being of 581 tenured and tenure-eligible faculty members at a large midwestern university. The study looked at the relationships between environmental factors (e.g., administrative support, research support, promotion and tenure support) and faculty well-being (i.e., teaching/service satisfaction and global satisfaction), hypothesizing that volitional autonomy, perceived competence, and perceived relatedness would partially mediate these relationships. Results of path analysis indicated that all relations between the environment and teaching/service satisfaction were fully mediated by volitional autonomy and perceived competence, whereas all relations between the environment and global satisfaction were partially mediated by perceived relatedness. These findings highlight that psychological needs are central in understanding the relations between the environment and faculty well-being. The study discusses additional implications and future directions for research.
Success After Tenure: Lessons in Engaging Midcareer Faculty
Citation:
Abstract:
Mid-career faculty actively seek professional satisfaction and personal well-being in their careers at the departmental and institutional level. However, a growing body of research tells us that the policies and practices in place at colleges and universities do not always support this goal. This webinar, “Success After Tenure: Lessons in Engaging Mid-Career Faculty,” offers an inside take on the themes of the book Success After Tenure: Supporting Mid-Career Faculty and provide real-world best practices from practitioners in the field.
Full Text
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Administrative Hierarchy and Faculty Work: Examining Faculty Satisfaction with Academic Leadership
Citation:
![Administrative Hierarchy and Faculty Work: Examining Faculty Satisfaction with Academic Leadership Administrative Hierarchy and Faculty Work: Examining Faculty Satisfaction with Academic Leadership](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/academicadminhighered.png?m=1524854040&itok=cV-cPaqU)
Abstract:
Academic administrators at all levels have some impact on the performance of faculty members, yet each level of administration may interact differently with faculty. Literature has strongly supported the notion that department chairs, deans, and provosts can positively influence the performance and livelihood of faculty members. This study was designed to explore faculty satisfaction with each level of academic administration making use of the 2014 Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey data collected by the Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education. Faculty members at research universities were more satisfied with leadership at the departmental than college or institutional levels. Furthermore, assistant professors were significantly more satisfied with academic leadership at all levels than both associate and full professors.Effective Academic Governance: Five Ingredients for CAOs and Faculty
Citation:
![Effective Academic Governance: Five Ingredients for CAOs and Faculty Effective Academic Governance: Five Ingredients for CAOs and Faculty](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/academicgovernanceeffective_0.png?m=1525466912&itok=rP_pOswG)
Abstract:
The COACHE research-practice partnership is designed to enact organizational change for the benefit of faculty and, by extension, the institution. But does every college's system of shared governance have what it takes to meet their own or, indeed, higher education’s most pressing challenges? This white paper looks beyond the rhetoric toward a more differentiated understanding of the ingredients of effective academic governance. Ott and Mathews offer a five-factor framework grounded in the literature, developed from interviews, and, now, tested in a survey of thousands of faculty. The report concludes with advice for assessing and fostering the qualities of “hard” and “soft” governance practices essential to sustainable change in the “real world” decision-making of committees, assemblies, senates, councils, and unions.Benchmark Best Practices: Departmental Leadership
Citation:
![Benchmark Best Practices: Departmental Leadership Benchmark Best Practices: Departmental Leadership](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/screen_shot_2020-10-21_at_1.17.07_pm.png?m=1603301087&itok=BuKZBYx2)
Abstract:
The COACHE surveys of college faculty produce data that are both salient to full-time college faculty and actionable by academic leaders. The survey items are aggregated into 20 benchmarks representing faculty satisfaction. This white paper examines departmental leadership and faculty satisfaction with chairs’ or department heads’ pace of decision-making, stated priorities, and fairness in evaluating faculty work.
COACHE’s 2010 pilot study of tenured faculty found that faculty desire from the administration a clearly articulated institutional mission and vision that do not change in ways that adversely affect faculty work. Faculty also wish for clear expectations for the mix of research, teaching, and service or outreach; support for research and teaching; and a sense that their work is valued. Deans and department chairs can improve faculty morale through communication, and particularly by involving faculty in meaningful decisions that affect them. Deans and chairs are also responsible for supporting faculty in adapting to any changes to mission and institutional priorities.
Revealing Data on Faculty Retention & Departure
Citation:
![Revealing Data on Faculty Retention & Departure Revealing Data on Faculty Retention & Departure](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/screen_shot_2020-10-09_at_2.54.51_pm.png?m=1602270035&itok=zA5NPTLz)
Abstract:
In 2017, after a successful pilot with several campuses of a large public university system, COACHE launched the Faculty Retention and Exit Survey nationwide. This study represents the first multi-institutional survey of faculty retentions (among those with outside offers) and departures. Until now, there was no coordinated effort for universities to develop a common understanding of the causes, costs, and conduct of faculty mobility.
Among the takeaways: More than half of faculty ranked salary as a secondary factor or not a factor in their decision to stay or leave. But 67% selected quality of colleagues as a compelling factor. The study also found that faculty are expected to cultivate outside offers before they can ask for a better deal at home, and that this requirement pushes them out the door: nearly 1 in 3 faculty who left originally sought the offer only to renegotiate the terms of their employment.
Full Text
![Infographic: Revealing Data on Faculty Retention and Departure Faculty Retention and Exit Survey - Infographic](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/os_files_xxlarge/public/exit_infographic_09.15.17_v6-01.png?m=1524243615&itok=4ZnxGAtf)
College nursing faculty job satisfaction and retention: A national perspective
Citation:
![College nursing faculty job satisfaction and retention: A national perspective College nursing faculty job satisfaction and retention: A national perspective](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/jpn.gif?m=1602269380&itok=sDNJK28G)
Abstract:
The need for registered nurses in the United States continues to grow. To meet this need for increased numbers of nurses, recruitment and retention of qualified nurse educators has become a priority, and job satisfaction and nursing faculties’ intent to stay have emerged as important considerations for administrators.
The purpose of this study is to analyze variables of relationships with nurse faculty job satisfaction and intent to stay from data collected throughout the United States. The Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey was employed for the purposes of this study. Over 1,350 nurse educators were included in the survey. The findings support a variety of modifiable variables that are viewed as important by nursing faculty. The strongest relationship was found to be institutional leadership. The implications can inform academic administrators seeking to retain nursing faculty.
Academic nursing administrators' workplace satisfaction and intent to stay
Citation:
![Academic nursing administrators' workplace satisfaction and intent to stay Academic nursing administrators' workplace satisfaction and intent to stay](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/cov150h.gif?m=1602270545&itok=6CKxeVUN)
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Recognizing Faculty with Disabilities: Data and Considerations from the Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey
Citation:
![Recognizing Faculty with Disabilities: Data and Considerations from the Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey Recognizing Faculty with Disabilities: Data and Considerations from the Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/disabilitycoversnip.png?m=1602551360&itok=BCPpLnT5)
Abstract:
In 2019, COACHE added a series of questions about disability status to our flagship Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey. Two years of data were examined to understand how faculty's experience of the academic workplace might vary depending on their disability type and disclosure status. Review the infographic below to understand how attitudes and disclosure differ across types of disabilities and how administration can create inclusive policies to address these key insights. Click here for an accessible version of the document.Work–Family Balance and Tenure Reasonableness: Gender Differences in Faculty Assessment
Citation:
![Work–Family Balance and Tenure Reasonableness: Gender Differences in Faculty Assessment Work–Family Balance and Tenure Reasonableness: Gender Differences in Faculty Assessment](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/sociological-spectrum.jpg?m=1582125963&itok=1amg9ws8)
Abstract:
Perceptions of work–family balance and of the reasonableness of tenure expectations are key faculty retention factors. Using the Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey, which includes data from 2,438 tenure-track assistant professors, Rodica Lisnic, Anna Zajicek, and Brinck Kerr explore whether faculty assessment of departmental and institutional support for family influences their perceptions of the reasonableness of tenure expectations.
Results reveal that women are less likely than men to report tenure expectations as scholars are reasonable and that departments and institutions are supportive of family-work balance. Departmental support for family-work balance, caring for an ill family member, satisfaction with family-friendly policies, and workload have the strongest association with reasonableness. Satisfaction with family-friendly policies has a significant relationship with reasonableness of tenure expectations only for faculty with family care responsibilities. These results have implications for family-friendly policies and practices in academia.
Personal and Institutional Predictors of Work-Life Balance among Women and Men Faculty of Color
Citation:
![Personal and Institutional Predictors of Work-Life Balance among Women and Men Faculty of Color Personal and Institutional Predictors of Work-Life Balance among Women and Men Faculty of Color](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/front_cover.jpg?m=1576873185&itok=ZFmrbtvH)
Abstract:
This study examines predictors of perceived work-life balance among women and men faculty of color using data from the Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education (COACHE). Asian American men faculty report higher perceived work-life balance, while African American women faculty report lower perceived work-life balance as compared to other faculty members. Findings from multivariate analyses show that the strongest, most consistent positive predictor of perceived work-life balance was the faculty perception that the institution does what it can to make personal/family obligations and an academic career compatible. The findings offer important implications for institutional and departmental climate and policy.Browse Resources by Faculty Type
Academic nursing administrators' workplace satisfaction and intent to stay
Citation:
![Academic nursing administrators' workplace satisfaction and intent to stay Academic nursing administrators' workplace satisfaction and intent to stay](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/cov150h.gif?m=1602270545&itok=6CKxeVUN)
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Engineering a place for women: A study of how departmental climate influences the career satisfaction of female mechanical engineering faculty members
Citation:
Thesis Type:
DissertationAbstract:
The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to better understand how female mechanical engineering faculty members’ career experiences in academia affect their satisfaction. The research considered differences in satisfaction reported by female and male mechanical engineering faculty members in terms of departmental climate, nature of work, resource allocations, departmental policies/practices, and overall satisfaction.
The study compared the levels of satisfaction reported in survey data collected through the Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey from 2005-2010. A subset of the survey participants was interviewed to gain nuanced descriptions of faculty member worklife.
This study identified the role of gendered divisions of labor, gendered divisions of allowed behavior, gendered symbols, and gendered interactions as reasons why female mechanical engineering faculty members are less satisfied with employment in academia than their male colleagues. Recommendations for how mechanical engineering leadership can improve the climate in the department include transparency in decision-making and encouraging senior faculty members to engage in constructive, collaborative research conversations with junior faculty members.
The Experience of Tenure-Track Faculty at Research Universities: Analysis of COACHE Survey Results by Academic Area and Gender
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Abstract:
The COACHE Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey is organized around five themes: tenure, nature of the work, policies and practices, climate, culture, and collegiality, and global satisfaction. This analysis looks at survey data for pre-tenure faculty at research universities. In particular, the analysis examined gender differences across twelve academic areas. Mean scores for each of the 83 survey dimension were ranked across all 12 academic areas.
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Gender and Race Differences in Faculty Assessment of Tenure Clarity: The Influence of Departmental Relationships and Practices
Citation:
![Gender and Race Differences in Faculty Assessment of Tenure Clarity: The Influence of Departmental Relationships and Practices Gender and Race Differences in Faculty Assessment of Tenure Clarity: The Influence of Departmental Relationships and Practices](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/srea_4_3.cover_.png?m=1536339919&itok=G_wmgOMB)
Abstract:
The authors look at how the intersection of gender and race influences pre-tenure faculty members’ perceptions of the clarity of tenure expectations. The authors also seek to identify potential predictors (assessment of mentoring, relationships with peers, feedback on progress toward tenure, and fairness in tenure decision making and evaluation) of perceptions of tenure clarity for four intersectionally defined groups, including historically underrepresented minority women (URMW). The authors use an intersectional perspective and the gendered and racialized organizations’ theoretical lens to interpret the results. The data set comes from the Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey. Findings show that compared with white men, URMW are less satisfied with their relationships with peers and with the fairness in the evaluation of their work. They are also less likely to agree that mentoring is effective, that tenure decisions are fair, and that messages about tenure are consistent.Reasonableness and clarity of tenure expectations: Gender and race differences in faculty perceptions.
Citation:
Abstract:
This dissertation studies how higher education policies and practices can affect faculty retention and proposes changes that higher education institutions need to make to retain their faculty. The first manuscript investigates the reasonableness of tenure expectations as it relates to work-life balance, the second explores whether women’s and men’s assessments of tenure-related departmental practices influence their perceptions of clarity of tenure expectations, and the third looks at how the intersection of gender and race influences faculty perceptions of clarity of tenure expectations. The dissertation uses Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey data from a sample of 2,438 tenure-track assistant professors at research universities.
Examining faculty satisfaction, productivity, and collegiality in higher education: Contemporary contexts and modern methods
Citation:
Thesis Type:
DissertationAbstract:
In response to discourse surrounding faculty accountability and diversity, this dissertation describes three studies of faculty satisfaction, productivity, and collegiality in higher education. The studies employed advanced quantitative methods to analyze and interpret faculty data at four-year colleges and universities.
The first study revealed a strong, positive, and highly significant relationship between campus racial climate and faculty satisfaction at the individual level, regardless of gender, race/ethnicity, and tenure status. The second study identified five classes of faculty productivity with respect to gender, race, institutional type, and levels of faculty satisfaction.
The third study examined the relationships among faculty collegiality, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Significant findings indicated that faculty collegiality was strongly and positively related to job satisfaction and negatively related to turnover intentions, regardless of gender and race/ethnicity. Women faculty and faculty of color indicated lower levels of collegiality, and faculty of color reported lower job satisfaction and higher turnover intentions.
Beyond Teaching and Research: Faculty Perceptions of Service Roles at Research Universities
Citation:
![Beyond Teaching and Research: Faculty Perceptions of Service Roles at Research Universities Beyond Teaching and Research: Faculty Perceptions of Service Roles at Research Universities](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/innovation_0.png?m=1522441791&itok=u3BLeh7V)
Abstract:
Faculty members in higher education institutions frequently have the responsibility of providing service activities to their institutions, professional societies, and external communities. This responsibility, however, generally carries little reward in the workplace and does not play a major role in promotion criteria. This study drew upon a sample of 4,400 research university faculty members surveyed through the Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey to explore their satisfaction with service roles by academic rank. Findings showed that mid-career faculty members at the associate professor rank were significantly less satisfied with their service functions, including workload, equity, work balance, recognition, and institutional support, when compared with both assistant and full professors.
Understanding the changing faculty workforce in higher education: A comparison of non-tenure track and tenure line experiences
Citation:
![Understanding the changing faculty workforce in higher education: A comparison of non-tenure track and tenure line experiences Understanding the changing faculty workforce in higher education: A comparison of non-tenure track and tenure line experiences](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/eppa.png?m=1524854443&itok=JJ5wT2jA)
Abstract:
Non-tenure track faculty are a growing majority in American higher education, but research examining their work lives is limited. Moreover, the theoretical frameworks commonly used by scholars have been critiqued for reliance on ideologically charged assumptions. Using a conceptual model developed from Hackman and Oldham’s (1980) Job Characteristics Model (JCM) and prior research on faculty workplace experiences, this study considers the extent to which full-time non-tenure track and tenure line faculty share a professionalized approach to their jobs, working conditions, and how this is associated with their organizational commitment.
Satisfaction with resources, rewards, autonomy and feedback had a significant positive relationship with odds of organizational commitment for all faculty groups. Overall, the results suggest being removed from the tenure track is not associated with faculty viewing their jobs in a substantially different way than those in tenure line positions, which underscores the importance of conceptualizing full-time faculty work as an integrated whole.
Is the Tenure Process Fair? What Faculty Think
Citation:
![Is the Tenure Process Fair? What Faculty Think Is the Tenure Process Fair? What Faculty Think](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/journalhighered.png?m=1524852811&itok=-KQfD6dX)
Abstract:
A conceptual framework grounded on procedural justice theory was created to explain how judgments about the fairness of tenure decision-making evolved among faculty who had not yet undergone the review. The framework posits that faculty beliefs about fairness are influenced directly by their workplace experiences and both directly and indirectly by their socio-demographic characteristics.
Structural equation modeling was used to assess the proposed effects with data from 2,247 pre-tenure assistant professors at 21 research universities. The results substantiate the importance of perceived campus and department conditions.
Equitable treatment of junior faculty at the department level and effectiveness of feedback have the strongest relationships with beliefs about the equity of tenure decision-making. An individual’s sense of control during the process of constructing the tenure dossier predicts his or her judgments about the fairness of tenure reviews. Practical suggestions for campus leaders and implications for future research are discussed.
Gender Differences in Faculty Member Job Satisfaction: Equity Forestalled?
Citation:
![Gender Differences in Faculty Member Job Satisfaction: Equity Forestalled? Gender Differences in Faculty Member Job Satisfaction: Equity Forestalled?](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/researchinhgihered_0.png?m=1524858016&itok=kOCJjVmR)
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Guided by Hagedorn’s (2000) theory of faculty job satisfaction, mindful of social and organizational structures of higher education, and acknowledging recent changes in the academic labor market, this study examines satisfaction for approximately 30,000 tenured and tenure-track faculty members in 100 US colleges and universities. Findings revealed similarity between female and male faculty members in some aspects of work satisfaction, but difference in other areas in which women reported lower satisfaction. Findings also revealed that perceptions of department fit, recognition, work role balance, and mentoring are more important to women faculty’s satisfaction than male peers. These findings have implications for policy and practice.
Beyond Teaching and Research: Faculty Perceptions of Service Roles at Research Universities
Citation:
![Beyond Teaching and Research: Faculty Perceptions of Service Roles at Research Universities Beyond Teaching and Research: Faculty Perceptions of Service Roles at Research Universities](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/innovation_0.png?m=1522441791&itok=u3BLeh7V)
Abstract:
Faculty members in higher education institutions frequently have the responsibility of providing service activities to their institutions, professional societies, and external communities. This responsibility, however, generally carries little reward in the workplace and does not play a major role in promotion criteria. This study drew upon a sample of 4,400 research university faculty members surveyed through the Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey to explore their satisfaction with service roles by academic rank. Findings showed that mid-career faculty members at the associate professor rank were significantly less satisfied with their service functions, including workload, equity, work balance, recognition, and institutional support, when compared with both assistant and full professors.
Understanding the changing faculty workforce in higher education: A comparison of non-tenure track and tenure line experiences
Citation:
![Understanding the changing faculty workforce in higher education: A comparison of non-tenure track and tenure line experiences Understanding the changing faculty workforce in higher education: A comparison of non-tenure track and tenure line experiences](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/eppa.png?m=1524854443&itok=JJ5wT2jA)
Abstract:
Non-tenure track faculty are a growing majority in American higher education, but research examining their work lives is limited. Moreover, the theoretical frameworks commonly used by scholars have been critiqued for reliance on ideologically charged assumptions. Using a conceptual model developed from Hackman and Oldham’s (1980) Job Characteristics Model (JCM) and prior research on faculty workplace experiences, this study considers the extent to which full-time non-tenure track and tenure line faculty share a professionalized approach to their jobs, working conditions, and how this is associated with their organizational commitment.
Satisfaction with resources, rewards, autonomy and feedback had a significant positive relationship with odds of organizational commitment for all faculty groups. Overall, the results suggest being removed from the tenure track is not associated with faculty viewing their jobs in a substantially different way than those in tenure line positions, which underscores the importance of conceptualizing full-time faculty work as an integrated whole.
Personal and Institutional Predictors of Work-Life Balance among Women and Men Faculty of Color
Citation:
![Personal and Institutional Predictors of Work-Life Balance among Women and Men Faculty of Color Personal and Institutional Predictors of Work-Life Balance among Women and Men Faculty of Color](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/front_cover.jpg?m=1576873185&itok=ZFmrbtvH)
Abstract:
This study examines predictors of perceived work-life balance among women and men faculty of color using data from the Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education (COACHE). Asian American men faculty report higher perceived work-life balance, while African American women faculty report lower perceived work-life balance as compared to other faculty members. Findings from multivariate analyses show that the strongest, most consistent positive predictor of perceived work-life balance was the faculty perception that the institution does what it can to make personal/family obligations and an academic career compatible. The findings offer important implications for institutional and departmental climate and policy.The possibility of promotion: How race and gender predict promotion clarity for associate professors
Citation:
![The possibility of promotion: How race and gender predict promotion clarity for associate professors The possibility of promotion: How race and gender predict promotion clarity for associate professors](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/teachers_college_record.png?m=1548687394&itok=SVhtnvSs)
Abstract:
Past studies have strongly suggested that equity issues affect advancement through the academic pipeline. This study uses cross-institutional results from the 2010 through 2012 Faculty Job Satisfaction Surveys to offer analysis and potential solutions for the problem.
The study asks whether cultural taxation in the form of heavy service and advising—often associated with underrepresented minority faculty and women faculty—is a factor in advancement through the academic pipeline, and also examines the influence of ideal-worker norms and work/family demands on perceptions of promotion clarity. The analysis suggests that the factors associated with lack of clarity about promotion are more structural than individual.
Gender and Race Differences in Faculty Assessment of Tenure Clarity: The Influence of Departmental Relationships and Practices
Citation:
![Gender and Race Differences in Faculty Assessment of Tenure Clarity: The Influence of Departmental Relationships and Practices Gender and Race Differences in Faculty Assessment of Tenure Clarity: The Influence of Departmental Relationships and Practices](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/srea_4_3.cover_.png?m=1536339919&itok=G_wmgOMB)
Abstract:
The authors look at how the intersection of gender and race influences pre-tenure faculty members’ perceptions of the clarity of tenure expectations. The authors also seek to identify potential predictors (assessment of mentoring, relationships with peers, feedback on progress toward tenure, and fairness in tenure decision making and evaluation) of perceptions of tenure clarity for four intersectionally defined groups, including historically underrepresented minority women (URMW). The authors use an intersectional perspective and the gendered and racialized organizations’ theoretical lens to interpret the results. The data set comes from the Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey. Findings show that compared with white men, URMW are less satisfied with their relationships with peers and with the fairness in the evaluation of their work. They are also less likely to agree that mentoring is effective, that tenure decisions are fair, and that messages about tenure are consistent.Browse Resources by Type
Non-Tenure Track Faculty Satisfaction: A Self-Determination Model
Citation:
![Non-Tenure Track Faculty Satisfaction: A Self-Determination Model Non-Tenure Track Faculty Satisfaction: A Self-Determination Model](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/jcaa_28_3.cover_.png?m=1605727190&itok=LnUJV-_Z)
Abstract:
Full-time non-tenure track faculty, commonly referred to as NTT faculty, shoulder much of the teaching load within academic institutions. Self-determination theory (SDT) has shown promise as a conceptual frame for characterizing the relationship between environmental support factors and NTT faculty satisfaction. Full-time NTT faculty were sampled nationwide to investigate an SDT-based model positing basic psychological needs (i.e., volitional autonomy and relatedness) as mediators between six environmental support indices and NTT faculty satisfaction. Structural equation model results showed volitional autonomy and relatedness fully mediated the relationships between the six environmental supports and both indices of faculty satisfaction.Work–Family Balance and Tenure Reasonableness: Gender Differences in Faculty Assessment
Citation:
![Work–Family Balance and Tenure Reasonableness: Gender Differences in Faculty Assessment Work–Family Balance and Tenure Reasonableness: Gender Differences in Faculty Assessment](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/sociological-spectrum.jpg?m=1582125963&itok=1amg9ws8)
Abstract:
Perceptions of work–family balance and of the reasonableness of tenure expectations are key faculty retention factors. Using the Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey, which includes data from 2,438 tenure-track assistant professors, Rodica Lisnic, Anna Zajicek, and Brinck Kerr explore whether faculty assessment of departmental and institutional support for family influences their perceptions of the reasonableness of tenure expectations.
Results reveal that women are less likely than men to report tenure expectations as scholars are reasonable and that departments and institutions are supportive of family-work balance. Departmental support for family-work balance, caring for an ill family member, satisfaction with family-friendly policies, and workload have the strongest association with reasonableness. Satisfaction with family-friendly policies has a significant relationship with reasonableness of tenure expectations only for faculty with family care responsibilities. These results have implications for family-friendly policies and practices in academia.
Personal and Institutional Predictors of Work-Life Balance among Women and Men Faculty of Color
Citation:
![Personal and Institutional Predictors of Work-Life Balance among Women and Men Faculty of Color Personal and Institutional Predictors of Work-Life Balance among Women and Men Faculty of Color](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/front_cover.jpg?m=1576873185&itok=ZFmrbtvH)
Abstract:
This study examines predictors of perceived work-life balance among women and men faculty of color using data from the Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education (COACHE). Asian American men faculty report higher perceived work-life balance, while African American women faculty report lower perceived work-life balance as compared to other faculty members. Findings from multivariate analyses show that the strongest, most consistent positive predictor of perceived work-life balance was the faculty perception that the institution does what it can to make personal/family obligations and an academic career compatible. The findings offer important implications for institutional and departmental climate and policy.Highlights Report 2008: Selected Results from the COACHE Tenure-Track Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey
Citation:
![Highlights Report 2008: Selected Results from the COACHE Tenure-Track Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey Highlights Report 2008: Selected Results from the COACHE Tenure-Track Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/screen_shot_2020-10-21_at_3.27.56_pm.png?m=1603308500&itok=cugUBbV7)
Abstract:
The Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education provides academic leaders with peer data to monitor and improve work satisfaction among full-time, tenure-track faculty. More than 130 four-year colleges and universities have joined COACHE to enhance the quality of life for pre-tenure faculty and to enhance their ability to recruit, retain, and develop those faculty. The core element of COACHE is the Tenure-Track Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey. We now have job satisfaction data on over 8,000 pre-tenure faculty.
The COACHE Survey assesses faculty experiences in several areas: clarity and reasonableness of tenure processes and review; workload and support for teaching and research; importance and effectiveness of policies and practices; and climate, culture and collegiality on campus.
This COACHE Highlights Report complements the Institutional Report with an overview of results across all COACHE sites in the 2005-06, 2006-07, and 2007-08 cohorts. This year’s Report provides results disaggregated by race/ethnicity; by university control; and by gender.
COACHE Benchmark Exemplars, 2005-07
![COACHE Benchmark Exemplars, 2005-07 COACHE Benchmark Exemplars, 2005-07](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/screen_shot_2020-10-21_at_3.34.06_pm.png?m=1603308919&itok=tjHyT9Ok)
Abstract:
While the majority of junior faculty at America’s colleges and universities are satisfied at work, some institutions are doing particularly well in this regard. The Tenure-Track Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey, administered by the Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education (COACHE) in 2005 and 2006, determined that some colleges and universities are “exemplary” on certain key dimensions of faculty work/life. The COACHE Survey considered the following categories in its assessment: tenure practices, clarity, and reasonableness; effectiveness of key policies (e.g., mentoring, childcare, and leaves); nature of work: teaching, research and support services; work and family balance; satisfaction with compensation; climate, culture, and collegiality; and global satisfaction.
“We are again recognizing those colleges and universities that are succeeding in their efforts to improve the quality of work/life for their junior faculty,” said Dr. Cathy Trower, COACHE Director. “By earning and maintaining the distinction of being a great place for new scholars to work, these exemplary institutions will be most able to attract and retain top academic talent in an increasingly competitive faculty labor market.”
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Benchmark Best Practices: Mentoring
![Benchmark Best Practices: Mentoring Benchmark Best Practices: Mentoring](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/screen_shot_2020-10-21_at_12.30.48_pm.png?m=1603298110&itok=rZQdvey_)
Abstract:
The COACHE surveys of college faculty produce data that are both salient to full-time college faculty and actionable by academic leaders. The survey items are aggregated into 20 benchmarks representing faculty satisfaction. This white paper examines the effectiveness of mentoring within departments, outside departments but at the same institution, and outside the institution.
Mentoring has always been important in the academic workplace. Only in recent years, however, has the practice evolved more widely from incidental to intentional as academic leaders have come to appreciate that mentorship is too valuable to be left to chance.
Many pre-tenure faculty members feel mentoring is essential to their success, but such support is also instrumental for associate professors on their path to promotion. While some institutions rely on the mentor-protégé approach (a senior faculty member formally paired with a junior faculty member), new models encourage mutual mentoring, team mentoring, and strategic collaborations beyond the department.
Benchmark Best Practices: Interdisciplinary Work & Collaboration
Citation:
![Benchmark Best Practices: Interdisciplinary Work & Collaboration Benchmark Best Practices: Interdisciplinary Work & Collaboration](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/screen_shot_2020-10-21_at_12.39.32_pm.png?m=1603298695&itok=u91-fnzM)
Abstract:
The COACHE surveys of college faculty produce data that are both salient to full-time college faculty and actionable by academic leaders. The survey items are aggregated into 20 benchmarks representing faculty satisfaction. This white paper examines collaboration—within departments, outside of departments but at the same institution, and outside the institution—and attitudes toward interdisciplinary work.
While interest in interdisciplinary work has increased, and this type of work attracts many graduate students and early-career faculty, the academy has not yet fully embraced interdisciplinary work. Unchanged policies, structures and cultures are institutional disincentives, as they are still best-suited to narrower work within disciplines. This includes publication vehicles, multiple authors, peer review, and reward structures.
Benchmark Best Practices: Department Engagement, Quality, and Collegiality
Citation:
![Benchmark Best Practices: Department Engagement, Quality, and Collegiality Benchmark Best Practices: Department Engagement, Quality, and Collegiality](https://coache.gse.harvard.edu/sites/projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/styles/book_cover/public/gse-coache/files/screen_shot_2020-10-21_at_12.57.37_pm.png?m=1603300105&itok=Dmx2F1Bk)
Abstract:
The COACHE surveys of college faculty produce data that are both salient to full-time college faculty and actionable by academic leaders. The survey items are aggregated into 20 benchmarks representing faculty satisfaction. This white paper discusses departmental engagement, quality, and collegiality.
Departmental quality is a function of the intellectual vitality of faculty, the scholarship that is produced, the effectiveness of teaching, how well the department recruits and retains excellent faculty, and whether and how poor faculty performance is handled. While many factors comprise faculty members’ sense of departmental collegiality, COACHE has discovered that faculty are especially cognizant of their “fit” among their colleagues, their personal interactions with colleagues, whether their colleagues “pitch in” when needed, and colleague support for work/life balance. There is no substitute for a collegial department when it comes to faculty satisfaction, and campus leaders—both faculty and administrators—can create opportunities for better informal engagement.